Thursday, September 20, 2018

3 Forms of Evil....What path will we take


Each time we blow the Shofar on Rosh HaShanah we say the phrase, “HaYom Harat Haolam” which means “Today is the day of the world’s creation.” This phrase is stated to remind us that today is a day of renewal, a day in which we should think about creation, recognize its goodness, and determine what our part should be in maintaining its goodness for our generation and for the generations to come.

Have you ever been astounded when watching a beautiful sunset, or upon seeing a colorful rainbow form after a storm, or when looking up at the stars on a very dark night?  Have you ever marveled at the seed cycle or stood in awe while watching a newborn enter the world?   Have you ever been amazed at how intricate the human body is or felt a sense of wonder when sitting near the ocean or looking out from a mountain top?  It is at times like these that noticing the goodness of creation is readily felt. Is it at times like these that we also think about our role in maintaining a world for others to enjoy?

In the course of my reading recently, I discovered that Maimonides wrote about the evil he saw in the world even though he believed that creation was good. “The first species of evil is that which befalls man because of the nature of coming-in-to-be and passing-away, I mean to say because of his being endowed with matter…” (III 19a)  In other words, the world is made up of matter and so are we and things happen to material beings in a material world.  There are natural disasters, birth defects, and disease.  According to Maimonides, the fact that we are material and thus vulnerable to physical loss and eventually death is the least prevalent cause of evil, and wisdom can mitigate the impact of this form of evil in our lives. For example, we can watch our health, be careful about our diet, and the various other choices we make that can affect our health for good or for ill. Of course we can only do so much and nothing we do can prevent bad things from happening to us. Yet, we do have some control over our lives, we do make decision all the time that affect our health and welfare….”

The second form of evil is that which governments do to people.  “The evils of the second kind are those that men inflict upon one another, such as tyrannical domination of some of them over others.  And these evils are more numerous than those belonging to the first kind, and the reasons for that are numerous and well known.  The evils in question also come from us.” (III 20b) One need only look at human history to know that the world has struggled with this kind of evil and has yet to learn how to stop it from occurring. 

The third form of evil comes from what we do to ourselves and to each other.  The evils of the third kind are those that are inflicted upon any individual among us by his own actions; this is what happens in the majority of cases, and these evils are the most numerous than those of the second or first kind.  All men lament over evils of this kind; it is only seldom that you find one who’s not guilty of having brought them up on oneself.”  Basically what Maimonides was writing about was giving ultimate concern to something that is not of ultimate value.  By his definition, this kind of action is a form of idolatry.  Whether it is pursuing wealth and placing ultimate concern on one’s economic well-being in such a way that greed overrides all concerns for others or whether it is giving way to over-consumption which can lead to environmental disaster, these are ills that we inflict on others by our own actions.

The pulpit is not a forum for politics, but it is a forum for thinking about the implications of our actions as a nation and as individuals.  If we think about the three kinds of evil apparent to Maimonides, we can never end the first species of evil although we can mitigate the effects of disease, birth defects, and natural disasters.  We can only offer one another love and support after these occurrences take place which will help lessen the emotional upheaval experienced. We can however, strive to end the second species of evil, the evil that governments do to people.  We can speak out about policies that discriminate against individuals based on their gender, race, ethnicity, or religion. We can refuse to be bystanders when any government leader uses language that promotes hatred. There should never be a time when language is used to provide a dehumanized vision of any group. Human beings should never be described as vermin that infest our shores. We can and should show our disdain for attempts to deregulate environmental policies which have been designed to protect the air, water, and land upon which our survival depends. We must wake up to the fact that protecting the environment for all on this planet in the long run is more important than achieving economic prosperity for some in the short run. 
Each of us needs to think about where we stand now as a nation, where we’ve been in the past, and what we need to do to improve this country so it is truly a bastion of democracy that respects the lives of each of its inhabitants.  We have a diverse population and that is what makes us great.  We can’t afford to have elected leadership in any branch of government that promotes divisions whether it be based on race, religion, ethnicity, or gender preferences.  We know first hand as Jews what happens when groups are treated as the “other” in society.  We know first hand what happens when good people become by-standers allowing governments to enact forms of legislation that don’t take into account the well-being of all of its inhabitants.

As individuals, we need to reflect upon our own lives.  Are we caught up in over-consumption, worrying about material wealth more than relationships?  Are we reaching out to improve life for the have-nots in this world?  Are we extending our hands to offer emotional support and physical comfort to those in need? Do we involve ourselves in activities that bring us into relationships with others that are meaningful and purposeful?  It is true that raising our voices, signing petitions, and marching are all worthwhile activities, but if we really want to feel the goodness of creation, we should help someone who is in need.  There are so many things we can do from making a meal for a sick or aging friend, driving someone to a doctor’s appointment or for groceries, babysitting for a family needing some respite time, to making a phone call to someone who will be thrilled to have the phone ring and not have it be a telemarketer.  None of us has to do everything because we can’t do everything, but we can think beyond ourselves and act in ways that bring the beauty of creation to the forefront.

As Maimonides wrote, “We each decide whether to make ourselves learned or ignorant, compassionate or cruel, generous or miserly. No one forces us. No one decides for us, no one drags us along one path or the other. We are responsible for what we are.” 
Hayom Harat HaOlam…Today is the day of the world’s creation…what path will each of us decide to take on this auspicious day?



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