Thursday, October 13, 2016

What PURim can teach us about Yom KiPUR

There is an image in the book of Exodus when the Torah was being given to the people of Israel that “they stood at the foot of the mountain.”  The Talmud comments on this image by saying that “G-d suspended the mountain above them like a barrel and said, ‘If you accept the Torah, good; and if you do not , here will be your death.”  This is a rather harsh image because it leads one to believe that the acceptance of Torah was accomplished under duress.

Obviously if you read the Torah you see many images of our ancestors having had direct contact with G-d.  Whether it be through witnessing the splitting of the Sea of Reeds so they could pass through on dry land or partaking of the manna in the wilderness that sustained them for 40 years, the idea of having a direct experience of G-d was not a foreign concept. 
Today, however, it often feels as if G-d is not present.  We don’t see G-d in the same way that the Israelites did.  In fact, if you read the Tanach, you actually can only find one book in the Bible where G-d actually appears to be absent, where G-d’s name is never mentioned, and that is the Book of Esther.  Yet, the sages have said that when we come to the Messianic Age, all the “books of the prophets and all the Holy Writings will be nullified except the Book of Esther.”  That is a very strong statement especially since the story of Purim is actually about a human response to an historical event.

In another Midrash, we are told that only two holy days will never be annulled after the coming of the Messiah.  One is Purim and the other is Yom Kippur.  The question that arises is how are Yom Kippur and Purim related?  The first comparison is related to the idea of random choice found in each holyday. In the Torah, we learn that Yom Kippur was observed by bringing two identical he-goats as sin offerings before the Tent of Meeting.  Aharon placed lots upon the two he-goats.  One lot said, “For the Lord,” the other lot said “for Azazel.”  The goat which had the lot “for the Lord” come up, was designated as a sin offering.  The other goat, upon which the lot of “for Azazel” came up was sent off into the desert as a scapegoat to atone for the sins of the people.  The determination of which goat would be selected for which location was purely left to chance.  The process of atonement was highly choreographed for the community, yet in the end, the people were left with the message from G-d that He would dwell in their midst of their impurity.

In the story of Esther, the selection of the date on which we Jews would be annihilated was accomplished by the drawing of lots.  In other words, it was left entirely to chance also. Esther is called upon to act on behalf of her people, by her uncle. After requesting her action, however, Mordechai says one sentence which is often over-looked by us when we read the story.  He said, “if you remain silent at this time, relief and rescue will arise for the Jews from elsewhere…” In some ways this statement is related to the statement about Yom Kippur.  It doesn’t matter if you rise to the occasion, G-d will still be with you.  Esther understood that she could either take the opportunity to act on behalf of her people or not.  The message is that even if she did not act, G-d would still redeem the Jewish people. However, if she did act, that redemption will happen sooner.

Esther actually insisted that her story be written down.  She realized that by writing down the occurrences of what happened in Shushan, Jews in the future would be pushed to act when called upon by their fellow Jews in times of need.

Unlike the Israelites in the wilderness, we are no longer forced to see G-d.  There is no mountain sitting above our heads. We are more like Esther, who took it upon herself to make the right decision and by doing so acquired for herself a good name.  The Jews in the days of Achashverosh affirmed and willingly accepted upon themselves the ways of the Torah having recognized the hidden presence of G-d in their midst.  That is very similar to our own experience of reality.

We often achieve an awareness of G-d by our experiences with nature as well as by looking at our distinctive history.  We also see G-d by looking at the miraculous functioning of our bodies. I also presume that when we accept Torah we do not do so under duress.  We do so because we recognize the very special relationship that observing the mitzvot provides us with G-d, who still appears to be hidden.

As we spend hours fasting, praying, being together, and focusing on repairing our relationships with others and G-d on this Yom Kippur day, let us also remember the lessons from the Book of Esther.  Let us learn to identify our responsibilities toward our fellow human beings especially when they are in need.  Let us learn to sense the presence of G-d even when it requires us to understand that seeing and perceiving are not the same.  Let us reclaim our past with the hope that it will provide us with an informed sense of our future. And may we also understand the positive aspects of remembering our heritage and how it can positively affect our determination to act according to the mitzvot which have been given to us by G-d who loves us even though we are not perfect.

G’mar Chatimah Tovah

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